Fair Trials is the global criminal justice watchdog, campaigning for fairness, equality and justice

Dr. Anna Pivaty, LEAP Member and Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law at Radboud University (the Netherlands), examines the important questions left unanswered by the Minteh v. France case. As our lives become increasingly digital, criminal investigations are relying more heavily on suspects' cooperation, raising significant questions about the privilege against self-incrimination, the right to privacy, and other procedural safeguards protected under the European Convention on Human Rights.

Drawing on national consultations, practitioner discussions at the LEAP Annual Conferences in Milan and Athens, and Fair Trials' strategic litigation and policy work, the LEAP Annual report examines how EU criminal justice standards operate in practice, and where they fall short.